BIOGRAPHY OF RA. KARTINI AN EMANCIPATION HERO FULL STORY
By :
Amaliyatul Hidayah Rofiq
( 21.03.52.0003)
Hilda Putri Wijayati ( 21.03.52.0002)
Grace Feby Arjanti ( 21.03.52.0001)
Ravinda Syaiful Bustammi ( 21.03.52.0017)
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHY of R.A Kartini's
Childhood R.A Kartini R.A Kartini was born on
April 21, 1879 in the city of Jepara. Kartini's full name is Raden Ajeng
Kartini Djojo Adhiningrat. Regarding the history of RA Kartini and Kartini's
life story, she was born in the midst of a noble family, therefore she received
the title R.A (Raden Ajeng) in front of her name. The title itself (Raden
Ajeng) was used by Kartini before she married, if she is married, the nobility
title used is R.A (Raden Ayu) according to Javanese tradition. His father's
name is R.M. Sosroningrat, son of Prince Ario Tjondronegoro IV, a nobleman who
served as regent of Jepara. He is the grandfather of R.A Kartini. R.M.'s father
Sosroningrat was a respected person because of his position at that time as the
regent of Jepara, Ibu Kartini, M.A. Ngasirah, he is the son of a kiai or
religious teacher in Telukawur, Jepara City. According to history, Kartini is a
descendant of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono VI. Some even say that his father's
lineage came from the Majapahit kingdom. M.A. Ngasirah himself is not a
descendant of nobility, but only ordinary people. Therefore, the Dutch colonial
regulations at that time required a Regent to marry a nobleman as well. Until
finally Kartini's father then married a woman named Raden Adjeng Woerjan who
was a nobleman who was a direct descendant of the King of Madura at that time.
In R.A Kartini's biography, it is known that she has 10 siblings consisting of
siblings and half-brothers. She herself is the fifth child, but she is the
eldest of 11 children. As a noble, he also has the right to education. R.A
Kartini's Education Regarding RA Kartini's educational history, her father sent
his son to ELS (Europese Lagere School). It was here that he later learned
Dutch and attended school there until he was 12 years old. Because at that
time, according to the custom at that time, girls had to stay at home to be
'secluded'.
LETTERS and THINKING
Sapta Values Virtue (Sapta Utama Kartini)
We can take many noble values and
their derivatives from the ideas, attitudes and actions that have been carried
out by R.A. Kartini for her nation. Those values are:
First,
emancipation. This value includes not only equality between men and women, but
also sensitivity and social care, a spirit of liberation against injustice,
tyranny, ignorance, poverty, and the courage to face oppression, even in the
name of nobility-upheld customs.
Second,
nationalists. What R.A. Kartini did is a form of love for the nation and
homeland. This is shown by his attitude that really respects diversity and
plurality, develops culture and tradition and accepts progress from anywhere as
long as it supports strengthening his national identity.
Third, and
most critically, Even though he had to be behind a wall of confinement, his
enthusiasm to continue learning had made R.A. Kartini into a person who is
intelligent and argumentative, rational and analytical in looking at problems,
so that she has complete thoughts about the problems faced by her nation and,
at the same time, formulates solutions.
Fourth, be
creative. R.A. Kartini is very open to new ideas and ideas, open to change,
creates work opportunities, is innovative and always future-oriented. As has
been done by changing the orientation of Jepara carving from art to craft.
including inserting new motifs on carvings and Jepara batik.
Fifth, be
optimistic. Seclusion doesn't make R.A. Kartini give up. Also when the
application for scholarships to Batavia did not come down until the Rembang
Regent's application arrived, who already had a wife. There is always optimism
in R.A. Kartini's every serious problem faced. He is persistent in fighting for
his beliefs, has prejudices and good will, thinks positively and is always
future-oriented.
Sixth, I'm at
home.Simplicity is one of the characteristics of R.A. Kartini. Respect others,
be honest and don't brag even though he is the son of a Regent. She doesn't
even want to take her rights as a noble's daughter to get respect from people
who are supposed to respect her by custom.
Seventh: be
honest. R.A. Kartini is always willing to convey the truth and her beliefs and
is willing to learn from others and respect the opinions of others, even though
they differ from their own. R.A. Kartini is objective and dares to correct
herself.
Sapta
Kutamaan. RA Kartini's Exemplary Values is not a dead text. Of course, I am
very open to receiving new thoughts. Patriotic, collaborative, communicative
and innovative values, for example, are still very relevant to strengthen the
values of RA Kartini.
We hope that
this idea can actually trigger a joint discussion to formulate the values of
R.A. Kartini, who is still relevant for us to emulate and inherit. The main
reference is, of course, learning from RA Kartini's long letters and the
history of her life.
BOOK
1.
Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang
In
1992, Empat Saudara, Door Duisternis Tot Licht make that book in
Malay with title Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang; Boeah Pikiran. Publishing
by Balai Pustaka. Armijn Pane
In
1938 Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang republished in a format different from the
translations of Door Dumnnis Tot Licht. The translation book Armijn Pane's was
printed eleven times.
2.
Surat – Surat Kartini, Renungan Tentang dan Untuk
Bangsanya
The
Sulastin Sutrisno version of letters published under the Surat-surat Kartini,
Renungan Tentang dan Untuk Bangsanya.
In addition to being published in Surat-surat
Kartini, Renungan Tentang dan Untuk Bangsanya,
Sulastin Sutrisno's translation is also used in the book Kartini,
Surat-surat kepada Ny RM Abendanon-Mandri dan Suaminya.
3.
Letter From Kartini, An Indonesia Feminist 1900-1904
In
Joost Coté translation can be found letters that were sensitive and not in Door
Duisternis Tot Licht versi Abendanon’s
version of abendanon.
4.
Panggil Aku Kartini Saja
Buku
Panggil Aku Kartini Saja book alone appears to be the result of the multiple
sources of data collection by the Pramoedya.
5.
Kartini Surat-surat kepada
Ny RM Abendanon-Mandri dan suaminya
In a letter from
October 27, 1902, quoted that Kartini wrote to Mrs. Abendanon that she had
started a meat abstinence, even some years before the letter, which indicates
that Kartini was a vegetarian.
6.
Aku Mau ... Feminisme dan Nasionalisme.
Surat-surat Kartini kepada Stella Zeehandelaar 1899-1903
Kartini's letter
collection it collects Dr. Joost cote, translated by title I want it fulfilled
Feminism and nationalism.
Controversy
This suspicion arose because indeed the book kartini
appeared when the Dutch colonial government was operating ethical politics in
the Dutch Indies, and Abendanon was a person of interest and support to ethical
politics. Their reason is not to be biased against other Indonesian female
heroes, because there are still other female heroes no less than the Kartini
like Cut Nyak Dhien, Martha Christina Tiahahu, Dewi sartika and others.
According to them, Kartini's fighting territory was merely Jepara and alone,
neither was Kartini carrying arms against invaders. The pro said that kartini
is not only a women's liberation figure who elevate Indonesian women only, but
is a national figure; That is, with the idea and the idea of his renewal he has
fought for the benefit of his people. Efatino Febriana, in his book
"kartini was put to death," tried to unearth the facts surrounding
Kartini's death. Four days later, Dr Van ravesten looked at Kartini, and he was
not worried about Kartini's health.
WARNING :
Kartini's day
President
Soekarno issued Presidential Decree of the Republic of Indonesia Number 108 of
1964, dated May 2, 1964, which established Kartini as a Hero of National
Independence as well as set Kartini's birthday, April 21, to be commemorated
every year as a big day which became known as Kartini Day.
Street names in the Netherlands
1.Utrecht: In Utrecht
Jalan R.A. Kartini or Kartinistraat is one of the main roads, in the shape of a
'U' which is larger than the streets that use the names of other struggle
figures such as Augusto Sandino, Steve Biko, Che Guevara
2.Venlo: In Venlo South
Holland, R.A. Kartinistraat is in the shape of an 'O' in the Hagerhof area,
around which there are street names for the female characters Anne Frank and
Mathilde Wibaut.
3.Amsterdam: In the
Amsterdam Zuidoost area or better known as Bijlmer, Jalan Raden Adjeng Kartini
is written in full. Around him are the names of women from around the world who
have contributed to history: Rosa Luxemburg, Nilda Pinto, Isabella Richaards.
IN POPULAR CULTURE
1.Film R.A. Kartini (1982)
2.Film Surat Cinta untuk
Kartini (2016) — historical fiction film. Kartini is played by Rania Putri
Sari.
3.Film Kartini (2017) —
Kartini is played by Dian Sastrowardoyo.
2. Priyanto, Hadi. Kartini sang Pembaharu Peradaban
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